Slate supporting clip



Nov. 2, 1937. H. G. BARTSCH SLATE SUPPORTING CLIP 2 Sheeiis-Sheet 2Filed Jan. 50, 1937 Patented Nov. 2, 1937 V UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICESLATE SUPPORTING CLIP Henry G. Bartsch, Washington, D. 0. ApplicationJanuary 30, 1937, Serial No. 123,291

15 Claims. (01. 108-33). I f

My invention relates to improvements in slate to prevent the corrosionof the nail head, and also supporting clips, and has to do, moreparticularly, to partially conceal it from view, slaters generally withthe provision of a novel bracket or clip place, upon the exposed'nailhead, a dab of roofadapted to be associated with the standard perfoingcement corresponding as closely as possible rations provided in slateshingles, and to be to the color of the roof. It is but natural, there-5 supported by means carried by the sub-roof in fore, that owners ofbuildings having slate roofs in such fashion that accurate positioningof the do not repair damage thereto unless absolutely replacement slatemay be readily accomplished. essential because of bad leakage.

Heretofore, it has been customary to replace a Considered more indetail, the problems and damaged or detached slate shingle with a newdisadvantages of the conventional repair involve l0 shingle anchored bymeans of an exposed nail, a number of considerations. In the firstplace,

and to protect the exposed nail, and in part to slate roofs areinstalled by hand and, however conceal the head thereof, by means of aplastic skillful the slater is,the variation in width of coating ofapproximately the same shade as the slate shingles, as well as thedifficulty of placing slate of the roof. In order to effect such arepair, the shingles by accurate measurement, renders 5 it is necessaryto remove whatever remains of the it impossible to center the shinglesof one course damaged shingle, as well as such nails as were Withrespect to the shingles of the subjacent employed for its securement, bymeans of atool course, with the result that the line of abutment knownin the art as a ripper. This tool inof two slates is not perfectlycentered with respect )0 cludes a hook-like shank which is slipped upbeto the shingle which partially overlaps these two tween the adjacentshingles which are disposed shingles. The new nail hole which must beimmediately above and immediately below the provided inthe replacementslate by the slater shingle to be replaced. By skillful manipulation, isseldom disposed in the exact center of the slate,

it is possible for the slater to effect complete refor the reason thatthis nail hole must be in alignmoval of the two'nails and such parts ofthe ment with the abutting edges of the two slates damaged shingle asremained secured thereby, therebeneath so that the nail may enter in hewithout materially loosening or otherwise affectgap between the twounderlying slates to avoid ing the adjacent shingles. breakage ofeither. New nail holes in slate The replacement shingle may then beslipped shingles areformed by striking with a specially into the spacepreviously occupied by the original pointed hammer, and a fiat, strongsupporting 30 shingle, but the securement thereof presents a surface,generally not available on the roof, is neccomplex problem for thereason that the pair of essary for security against breakage of theslate. nail holes of the new slate, as well as the nails to Slateshingles are, of necessity, suitable only for be installed therein (inaccordance with conveninstallation upon roofsof considerable pitch, and

tional practice) would be inaccessible because the maintenance of onessupport on such a roof 35 disposed a number of inches above the loweredge involves, also, such difiiculty that the operation of the slatecourse which overlaps the course beof accurately punching the new holein a replaceing repaired. For this reason, it has been the ment slatewhile hanging upon such a roof is common practice of slaters to providea third usually impossible. Accordingly, it is common hole in the lowerportion of the replacement slate, practice for the slater to ,try theshingle, mark- 40 which hole is, when. the slate is in proper position,ing thereon the position at which the nail hole disposed below the loweredge of the superjashould be punched. The marked slate shingle is centcourse. By the provision of this third, exthen lowered to an apprenticeon the ground who posed hole, it is possible to place an anchoringpunches the hole therein at the indicated position 5 nail therein, andto drive the same through the and then has the shingle passed up to theslater 5 gap defined by the abutting side edges of the two on the roof.Such work requires two men, and shingles of the course below which arelapped the major portion of the time spent by these is by the singlereplacement shingle. In accordwaiting time, during which no work isbeing ance with such practice, the head portion of the done.

nail or nails employed for anchorage of the re- The protection andconcealment of the nail 50 placement shingle is exposed to the weatherand head associated with the replaced slate also inwill be corrodedthereby. Moreover, even from volves the problem of the prevention ofsmearing.

the ground, such exposed nail heads are apparent, In order to avoid thebreakage of other slate of particularly where corroded matter from thenail the roof, the slater must crawl over the roof 5 head streaks thereplacement shingle. In order with extreme care and in as prone aposition as possible to distribute his weight over a large area. Thiscrawling about upon the roof, even when performed with the greatest ofcare, invariably results in smearing of dabs of cement placed upon thenail heads of previous repairs, because of the fact that the cementemployed must be plastic when it is installed and. must remain partiallyplastic after installation, if checking or cracking thereof is to beavoided. Slate roofs become extremely hot in the summertime, and suchcement coverings upon the nail heads become soft and easily smeared. Inaddition, dust and debris such as leaves, become secured to such patchesof cement and givethe roof a splotchy, unclean appearance.

At least one inventor has attempted to eliminate the problems incidentto the replacement of slate shingles by the use of a preformed clipadapted to be secured to the replacement slate bymeans extending throughthe conventional holes of the slate. One such form of clip is ofT-shape, the leg portion of which is slightly curved so as to cause itslower end to abut the top or concealed edge of the slates underlying thereplacement slate. Theoretically, such a clip would appear to meet theproblem completely. However, as has been previously explained, slateroofs are laid manuallywithout strict conformity to any definite degreeof overlap of one course with respect to its underlying course.Moreover, the spacing between the nail holes and the lower edge of slateshingles, may vary widely even in the same roof, with the result thatthe length of the leg of such a clip would have to be determinedaccurately for each replacement, if alignment of the lower edge of thereplacement slate, with respect to the lower edge of the entire coursewith .which it is to be associated, is to be obtained. A replacementslate, the lower edge of which is disposed a slight distance above orbelow the normal .line of its course, clearly stands out, even from theground, so that standardization of such clips 'as just described isimpossible if a satisfactory repair is desired.

, With the prior art and its practices in mind,

'myinvention has, for its purpose, several well is simple and rapid andwhich requires no apprentice on the ground.

It is an object of my invention to provide a means and method forreplacing shingles in slate roofs in such fashion that the repair willbe completely inconspicuous.

It is an object of my invention to provide a means and method foraccurately replacing shingles in slate roofs which eliminates thenecessity of an exposed nail head.

It'is an object of my-invention to provide a means and method foraccurately replacing shingles in a slate roof which does not require theuse of roofing cement.

It is an object of my invention to provide a novel means for securingreplacement shingles in slate roofs which affords adequate support tothe replaced slate.

It is an object of my invention to provide a novel means for accuratelysecuring replacement shingles in slate roofs which will eliminate alarge amount of breakage heretofore experienced.

It is an object of my invention to provide a means for replacingshingles in slate roofs which insures proper alignment of thereplacement slate with respect to its companions.

It is an object of my invention to provide a clip or bracket forsupporting replacement shingles which may be made in a standard size orsizes and which will have universal application to replacement slateshingles regardless of variations in their dimensions.

It is an object of my invention to provide a clip or bracket forsupporting replacement slate shingles which is compact and light inweight, permitting the slater to carry a supply thereof upon his person.

It is an object of my invention to provide a clip or bracket forsecuring replacement slate shingles which is inexpensive to manufacture.

Finally, it is an object of my invention to provide a means and methodof securing replacement slate shingles which requires no special skill.and may be effected in a small fraction of the time heretofore requiredto obtain even a markedly inferior repair.

Further objects, and objects relating to economies and details ofconstruction and installation will more definitely appear from thedetailed description to follow. In one instance, I accomplish theobjects of my invention by the means and method set forth by thefollowing specification. My invention is clearly defined in the appendedclaims. Structures constituting preferred embodiments of my inventionare illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a top plan view of a portion of the conventional slate roof,one shingle of which has been replaced and is supported by a wire clip(shown in dotted lines) constituting one preferred form in which myinvention is susceptible of embodiment;

Figure 2 is a vertical sectional view, on an enlarged scale, of the sameconstruction and installation as shown in Figure 1, being taken on theline 2-2 thereof;

Figure 3 is a vertical sectional view of the elements and members shownin Figure 2, the replacement shingle, with its associated clip, beingshown at an initial stage of its installation;

Figure 4 is a top plan View of a portion of a slate roof which has beenprepared for reception of a replacement slate in accordance with myinvention, the damaged slate and its nails having been removed and thenew supporting nail having been set in position.

Figure 5 is an underside perspective view of the replacement slate andassociated wire clip disclosed as a part of the constructionsillustrated in Figures 1.2 and 3;

Figure 6 is a plan view of a single replacement slate and associatedclip fabricated from sheet stock, which clip constitutes a modified formof my invention; 1

Figure 7 is a vertical sectional view through a portion of a slate roof,one slate of which has been replaced and is supported by a clip of thetype shown in Figure 6;

Figure 8 is a detail sectional view of the replacement slate clip shownin Figure 6, said view being taken on the line 8-8 thereof and Figure 9is a perspective view of a nail gauge adapted to be utilized for theaccurate location 'and setting of. the nail upon which clips of thetypes shown in the foregoing figures are to be supported and anchored.

The same reference numerals refer to similar parts throughout theseveral views.

In a broad sense, my invention finds embodi- ,ment in a slate clipconsisting of a thin body portion adapted to be disposed upon the underI of the superjacent course.

surface of 'a shingle of slate or equivalent material, means extendingupwardly from said body portion adapted to be extended through andengaged within the conventional "pair of apertures with which suchshingles are normally provided, and an anchoring portion at the lowerend of said body portion adapted'to engage a conven-' tional roofingnail or the like "which latter is so positioned with respect tothe lineconstituted "by the lower edges of the several "slates comprising thecourse as to insure alignment of the lower edge of the slate to bereplaced with the said course line. Preferably, the slate clip is ofstandard size, the aperture-engaging portions of which are adjustable tobe engaged with shingles, the spacing of the holes of which may varyconsiderably. No adjustment need be available in the length of the bodyportion ofthe clip for the reason that the vertical positioning of theslate to be replaced with respect to other slates 'of "its course maybeaccomplished by the proper location of the roofing nail, or other clipsupporting element, with respect to the course line previously defined.The proper location of the roofing nailyas well as the spacing betweenthe head thereof and the underlying slate surface of the immediatelysubjacent course of shingles is, in accordance with the broad concept ofmy invention, preferably determined by means of a simple tool. As willbe understood from an inspection of the accompanying drawings, myinvention is characterized by the fact that the roofing nail 'or otheranchoring element is installed in the roof prior to the actualreplacement of the repair shingle, and in the area of the roof which isexposed in the removal of the damaged slate and is covered and protectedby the replacement slate after installation. Thus, the roofing nailmentioned is readily accessible for proper positioning and setting priorto the replacement of the shingle, but is concealed completely andprotected from the elements after the new shingle has been installed.The head of the roofing nail may thus be disposed in appropriatelyspaced relation with respect to the top surface of the underlyingshingles, and the nail engaging portion of'the clip is especially formedso as to insure the travel of the clip upon the top surface of the nailhead during the insertion of the slate and the engagement of the clip'in interlocking relation beneath the head of the nail or the like whenthe slate has been brought to its final position of alignment withrespect to its companions of the course.

With reference to the accompanying drawings in which I have illustratedtwo preferred forms of my invention, there is shown in Figure 1 aportion of "a slate roof consisting of shingles Illa, *Illb and H10, ofthe repaired course; I'll, lib and lent the subjacent course and Ma,I21) and Iflb is the replaced shingle. The conventional apertures a: andy of the replaced shingle Illb are shown in dotted lines in Figure 1,being concealedby the overlapping shingles I2a and I2b of thesuperjacent course. Likewise, the shingle-supporting clip I3,constituting an embodiment of my invention, is shown in dotted lines,being similarly concealed by the shingles Itb, I2a and I2b. Theanchoring and supporting nail I1 is also shown in dotted lines in Figure1, being concealed by the lower half of the shingle Illb.

Referring now to the illustrations in Figures 1 to 4, inclusive, theslate clip I3 consists, of a piece of wire stock of resilient steel, orthe like,

bent into the form of a letter w. More specifl cally, the clip includesa pair of leg portions "I l which con-verge slightly toward theirlower-endsandare joined by a reverse bight portion I5, each of whichlegs terminating, at its upper end, in an offset-double portion IS.- Theleg portions II are straight for the most part, the lower ends thereof,however, being slightly curved downwardly, for a reason to be explained.The bight portion I5 also curves slightly to conform to and lie in thesame general geometrical surface the adjacent, downwardly curvedportions of the legs i l. The offset portions l6 of the clip consist,each, of a doubled section 16a generally parallel to the adjacent legportion I4 and upwardly displaced, with respect thereto, a distancesubstantially equal to the thickness of the shingle with which it isassociated. The doubling of the clip end extends downwardly from theportion IGb a distance approximately 'equalzto the length of the portion16a, thus, for this extent, constituting a double leg portion Ila.

v By virtue of the resiliency in the legs I4, :as well as in-theinverted V or bight portion I5, the legs i i-may be sprung apart ortogether so as to be insertable in the standard perforations a: and

y of a conventional shingle. The double nature of the upper ends of theclip affords a snug fit of the offset portions of the legs I4 in theshingle holes, and, because the ends of the legs M are bent double, theextremity of each leg is naturally tapered or pointed, facilitating theinsertion of the assembled clip and shingle.

For facilitating the proper location and securement of the replacementclip and slate, I have provided a special tool I8 illustrated in Fig.9of the accompanying drawings. This tool consists of a strip of thinsheet metal folded double and having its folded end bent upwardly toconstitute a handle 18!). Thepla'te-like base-consists o'f-the top andbottom plies l8e and I8f which are slightly spaced from each othertoreceive the ply I8g of roofing felt or similarshock-deadeningmaterial. The three sheets I86, 18f and l 8g are held 'intight assembly by headed rivets 18%, the lower heads of which arepreferably sunk flush with the undersurface of the tool. A notch la iscut into one edge of the tool base constitutedby the three plies, whichnotch is adapted to receive a conventional headed roofing na'il such asthose ll disclosed. The top surface I 80 of the tool 'base is, eithernaturally or specially, treated to be erasably receptive of markingapplied by a conventional graphite pencil (not shown). As will beapparent from the further description of the present invention, the toolI8 serves as a gauge for the proper location 'of nails I! as well as ameans for limiting the extent to which such nails are driven into thesub-roof.

The method of replacing slate shingles in accordance with this inventionis as follows. As previously described'in this specification, the roofis first prepared for the reception of the'replacement by removal of thedamaged shingle and the original nails employed for its securement. Aclip- I3 is then taken from the supply carried on the roof (presumablyfrom the pocket of the slater), and the oifset ends I6 of the clip legsare inserted through the conventional apertures a: and :1! of the slateshingle to be employed as a replacement. This association of clip andshingle is clearly illustrated in Figure '5. The distance from the eyeof thebig'ht I5 to the extreme lower edge of the replacement slate isthen measured.

iii)

Preferably, this is determined by laying the "tool l,8 "(shown in Fig.9) upon the underside of the replacement slate lb in such fashion'thatthe notch I860 of the tool overlies the bight l of the clip, and thehandle 18b is parallel to the lower edgeof the shingle. While in thisaligned relatiomthe slatermarks, upon the top surface I80 of the tool, aline corresponding to the lower edge of .the replacement shingle [0b.The tool I8 'is then placed flat upon the surface of the subjacentshingles 1m and Nb, with the line previously marked upon the tooldisposed directly above the base line of the course as defined by thelower edges of the shingles Illa and lllc. With the tool I8 thus flatlydisposed upon the shingles I la and 1 lb in such fashion that the leftedge I8c.of the tool is directly aligned and disposedabove the adjacentlateral edges of the shingles Has and Nb, a conventional roofing nail His placed in the notch 18a, of the tool and driven home .upon the topsurface I80 of the tool. The tool l8,is then removed from engagementwiththe thus-set nail l1 and, the thickness of thetool being equal to,or slightly in excess of, the thickness of the clip l3, the head of thenail I1 is disposed in correspondingly-spaced relation with respect tothe upper surface of the shingles Ila and Nb of the subjacent course.

.The roof is now in condition for the reception of the replacementshingle and its clip, and the shingle Illb; together with the clip l3attached thereto, is slipped upwardly into the space which HAO 3 Illa.under such conditions.

it is to occupy, as illustrated in Figure 3 of the drawings. As will beappreciated from an inspection of this figure, the curvature provided inthe lower ends of the legs M, as well as in the bight portion l5,induces the bight [5 to cam up upon the top surface of the nail as theshingle is moved upwardlyrbeyond the position illustrated in' Figure 3into a position even more elevated than illustrated in Figure 2. Theslater then bears downwardly upon the exposed portion of the shinglelflb with his hands and forces the shingle lllb to descend, causing thebight portion :15 of the clip to extend beneath the head of the nail I1.into final straddle-engaged relation with ;respect to the nail, as shownin Figure 2. It will be noted that the final setting of the bight l5upon the nail ll causes the curvature at the lower end of the, clip tobe reduced or eliminated, assuring a snug and rattle-free securement ofthe -clip and its shingle. As has been previously explained in thisspecification, the crack defined by the adjacent side edges of theshingles I la and 1 lb' is not, in common practice, always centered withrespect to the lapping shingle lob. Even 'where such an inaccuracy islarge, assurance of alignment of the bight IS with the. nail I! may:beaccomplishecl by appropriate bending of the legs M of the clip todisplace the bight I5 to one side or the other of the center line of theshingle Hlb; Where'this inaccuracy is slight, the forked nature of thelower end of the clip, as well as the inherent resiliency of the legsl4, may be adequate to compensate for lack of alignment between theshingles lb and Ila and Nb. The abutment of the side edges of the slate1b with the-slates Illa and llle of the course is adequate to preventlateral displacement of the shingle The doubled construction ofthe upperends I 6 of the clip provides' a strongfresistance to deformation of theoffsets therein," as well as a snug fit of the clip m, the [apertures a:and y of the replaced slate.

Thethickness. or the clip is so slight that the replaced shingle willnot be so elevated above the roof surface as to permit the access ofmoisture to the nail IT or the clip, nor is the slight diiference inlevel between the replaced shingle and others of the course soperceptible as to be apparent.

In Figures 6, 7, and 8, I have illustrated a modified form of clip forperforming the same function as that disclosed in the previous figures.This clip 23 is formed of thin sheet metal of relatively stiff, butresilient, character. In this embodiment of the invention the bodyportion 24 of the clip is constituted by a single plate instead of theleg portions I4 of the wire-type clip. The body portion 24 is preferablyof triangular form, the broad or upper end thereof being cut to providea multiplicity of tongues 26, a selected pair of which may be bentupwardly and extended through the apertures a: and y of a conventionalshingle, andthe terminal portions 26a. of which tongues may be bent downupon the upper surface of the slate shingle to assemble the clip withthe shingle. As distinguished from the previously described wire clipI3, the aperture engaging means of'the clip 23 preferably comprise,each, a. pair of tongues 26, whereby a snug fit of the securing means inthe apertures a: and y is assured. Moreover, by making the tongues 26'of a width approximating one-half the diameter of the apertures r andy, it is possible to. locate the clip 23 in any desired lateraldisplacement with respect to the center of the replacement shingle.There is thus obtained a lateral adjustability of the clip with respectto the shingle with which it is to be associated, corresponding to thelateral displacement which may be eifected in the clip l3 by reason ofthe springiness of the legs M or, in extreme instances, by a permanentbending of one or both of the legs I l. The lower end of the clip 23 isconstituted by a bifurcate extension 25 of the body portion 23 of theclip, which extension 25 is, like the bight portion l5 of the previouslydescribed clip, slightly downwardly curved to insure engagement of theterminal fork beneath the head of the roofing nail I1 driven into thesub-roof in the manner previously described.

The mode of use of the clip 23 disclosed in Figures 6, 7, and 8 of thedrawings is substantially identical with that of the clip I3, the onlydistinction being that the tongues 26 are given their final bent formafter their insertion in the apertures a: and y of the shingle to beemployed as a replacement. Similarly, as has been explained, lateraldisplacement of the clip portion 25 with respect to the center line ofthe replacement slate is effected by the selection of appropriate onesof the securing tongues for insertion in the apertures a: and 1 of theshingle.

I am aware that my invention is susceptible of embodiment in variousstructural forms, the illustrated clips being disclosed solely asexamples of a broad inventive concept. Numerous changes in size and formwill appear to those skilled in the art upon familiarization with theinvention as set forth in the preceding description. For example, typesof head studs other than the roofing nail I! may be employed. In someinstances, it may be found desirable to substitute a conventional woodscrewfor the nail ll illustrated. The tool 68 which is so desirable forthe proper practice of my invention may, likewise, be embodied invarious forms. .For example, in lieu of the notch l8a at one edge of thetool, there may be substituted a keyhole slot I82 disposed atapproximately the center of the base of the tool.

the sheet metal and the wire types of clips.

, invention Such aslot has the advantage of assuring paralellism .of thenail head with the surface of the underlying slate shingles Na and Nbfor the reason that a more extensive anvil surface is provided for thenail head. Removal of the tool from engagement with the nail after itssetting is, with such a slot construction, effected by pushing'the toolupwardly so that the large circular portion of the slot I82 will clearthe head of the nail. The largecircular portion of the slot must,thBIEIOIBybG; of ample size to clear the largest nail head which may beexpected in this work. Obviously the handle I81) ofthe tool may takevarious forms and may, if desired, be located along a side 1 of the toolinstead of at the lower end thereof. In this instance, it would probablybe preferable to make the handle as a separate part and to attach it tothe tool base 580 by means of rivets or otherfastening means.Preferably, .the toolshouldbe of such length that the upper andlowerends thereof will overlie those portions of the shingles Ila and III)which are in:contact with the sub-roof and the next lower course ofshingles.

the tool, t ogether with the shock absorbing natureof the interposed plyI89 thereof, operates to protect the slate' shingles I la and l lb frombreakage-during, the setting of the nail I1.

'In the specification I'have described the nail engaging portions l5 and25 of the illustrated clips as bifurcate, and it is intended that thistermjshall apply with equal aptitude to both Likewise, I-have describedthe two legs I4 of the wire type clip asthe body-portion; These elementsgperform the function ofthe solid body 24 of the sheet metal type clip.-The term slate shingle is 1 also to be given an interpretation, ofsuflicient breadth-to include such flatshingles as are being,manufactured synthetically from mixtures of asbestos and Portlandcementor the like. In this specification I have 7 also described the pre-setrrelationship .of the nail l! as one in which thehead of'thenail isspaced from the underlying surfaces of the shingles llw and Hb adistance correspondingto the thickness of the clip to be supportedthereon. In practice, it has been found desirable to give the base 180of the tool l8 2.

thickness slightly greater than thethickness of the slate c1ip,tofacilitate the insertion of the bifurcate portion of the clip beneaththe nail 11. Where a clip having a slightly downwardly curved ,end isemployed, the curvature of this end is adequate to insure a snug fit ofthe clip with the stud l'l, notwithstanding the fact that the thicknessof the clip at this point may be slightly less than the spacing betweenthe nail head and the top surface of the underlying slates lid and Nb.

I'he foregoing, and other changes and factors relating to the presentinvention, will be apparent to those skilled in the art-and familiarwiththe present Accordingly,- I claim my invention broadly as indicatedby the appended claims.

What I claim is:

1. Astandardized clip for the support of slate shingles of theconventional type provided with a spaced pair ofnail-receptive.apertures, comprising: a body portion adapted to flatlyunderlie the under surface of the shingle with which it is to beassociated, means at the upper end of said body" portion disposablethrough said shingle apertures to secure said clip to the shingle, andmeans at the lower end of said body portion adapted to lie flatly uponthe top surface of shingles of the. subjacent course when lapped by theThis proportioning of first-mentioned shingle, said last-mentioned meansbeing engageable with a headed stud preset in the sub-roof with its headin slightly spaced relation with respect to said top surface of saidsubiacent shingles.

- 2. A standardized clip for the support of slate shingles, of theconventional type provided with a spaced pair of nail-receptiveapertures, comprising: a body portion adapted to flatly underlie theunder surface of the shingle with which it is to be associated, means atthe upper end of said body portion disposable through said shingleapertures to secure said clip to the shingle, and means at the lower endof said body portion adapted to lie flatly upon the top surface ofshingles of the subjacent course when lapped by the first-mentionedshingle, said last-mentioned means having inherent flexibility and abarely shingles of the conventional type provided with.

a spaced pair of nail-receptive apertures, comprising: a body portionadapted to flatly underlie the under surface of the shingle with whichit is to be associated, means at the upper end of said body portiondisposable through said shingle apertures to secure said clip to theshingle, and a bifurcate extension at the lower end of said body portionadapted to straddle-engage and be supported by an upstanding headed studpre-set in the sub-roof.

4. A standardized clip for the support of slate shingles of theconventional type provided with a spaced pair of nail-receptiveapertures, comprising: a body portion adapted to flatly underlie theunder surface of the shingle with which it is to be associated, means atthe upper end of said body portion disposable through said shingleapertures to secure said clip to the shingleand a resilient, slightlydownwardly curved, bifurcate extension at the lower end of said bodyportion adapted to straddle-engage and be supported by an upstandingheaded stud pre-set in the subroof.

5. In a slate roof construction, a sub-roof, courses of slate shinglessecured to said sub-roof in staggered lapping relation, a shingleconstituting one element of one of said courses, said shingle having aspaced pair of apertures formed therein lying in a horizontal lineparallel to and near the upper edge thereof, and means for securing saidshingle in position, said securing means including a headed stud set insaid sub- .roof, the shank of which stud extends between the adjacentside edges of the lapped portions of the two shingles of the underlyingcourse and the head of which stud is slightly spaced above said lappedshingle surface, and a clip having means adjacent its upper end engagedwithin the spaced apertures of said first-mentioned shingle and means atits lower end flatly disposed upon said lapped shingle surfaces beneathand snugly engaged with the head of said stud.

6. In a slate roof construction, a sub-roof, courses of slate shinglessecured to said sub-roof 'in staggered lapping relation, a shingleconstituting one element of one of said courses, said shingle having aspaced pair of apertures formed therein lying in a horizontal lineparallel to and nearthe upper edge thereof, and means for securing saidshingle in position, said securing means including a headed stud set insaid subroof, the shank of which stud extends between the adjacent sideedges of the lapped portions of the two shingles of the underlyingcourse and the head of which stud is slightly spaced above said lappedshingle surface, and a clip having means adjacent its upper end engagedwithin the spaced apertures of said first-mentioned shingle and having abifurcate stud-engaging portion at its lower'end flatly disposed'uponsaid-lapped shingle-surfaces and snugly straddle-engaged with said studbeneath'its head.

7. In a slate roof construction, a sub-roof, courses of slate shinglessecured to said sub-roof in staggered lapping relation, a shingleconstituting one element of one 'oiE said courses, said shingle having aspaced'pair of apertures formed 'thereinlyin'g in a horizontal lineparallel to and ear the'up'per edge thereof, and means for securing saidshingle in position, said securing means including a headed stud set insaid subroof, the shank of which stud extends between the adjacent sideedges of the lapped portions of the two shingles of the underlyingcourse and the head of which stud is slightly spaced above said lappedshingle surface, and a clip comprising a body portion adapted to flatlyunderlie the under surface of said first mentioned shingle, means at theupper end of said body portion engaged within the spaced apertures ofsaid shingle, and a resilient, slightly downwardly curved, bifurcateextension at the lower end of said'body portion b'earing'u'pon saidlapped shingle surfaces and snugly'straddle-engag ed with said' studbeneath shingles of the conventional type provided with ashingle-anchoring oifsets and are springable with respect to each otherso as to be spaced pair of nail-receptive aperturescompris- 'ing: apieceof relatively stiff resilient wire stock having. the general'form'of a letter W, the two upstanding arms of which terminate in similarlaterally readily engageable'in the variously spaced apertures ofconventional slate shingles, and the bight .or inverted V base portionof said clip being relatively small and low with respect to the size ofthe entire clip and being adapted to straddleengage and be supportedupon a headed stud set in the portion of the sub-roof covered by theexposed portion of the shingle when installed.

'9. A standardized clip for the support of slate shingles of theconventional type provided with a spaced pair of nail-receptiveapertures, comprising: a piece of relatively stiff resilient wire stockhaving the general form of a letter W, the two upstanding arms of whichterminate in similar, rigid, double, shingle-anchoring ofisets and arelaterally springable with respect to each other so as to be readilysnugly engageable in the variously spaced apertures of conventionalslate shingles, and the bight or inverted V base portion of said clipbeing relatively small and low with respect to the size of the entireclip and being adapted to straddle-engage and be supported upon aheadedstud set in the portion of the sub-roof covered by the exposedportion of the shingle when installed.

10. A standardized clip for the support of slate shingles of theconventional type provided with a spaced pair of nail-receptiveapertures, comprising: a piece of relatively stiff resilient wire stockhaving the general form of a letter W,'the two upstanding arms of whichlie, for the most part, in a common plane, yet terminate,

at their upper ends, in similar upstanding oil"- sets and are laterallyspringable with respect to each otherso as to be readily engageable inthe variously'spaced apertures of conventional slate shingles, said armscurving slightly downwardly at their lower ends, and the bight orinverted V base portion of said clip being relatively small and low withrespect to the size of the entire clip and having a curvaturecorresponding to the curvature of the adjacent ends of said clip armswhereby said bight portion may be readily hooked, saddle fashion, upon aheaded stud preset in the portion of the sub-roof covered by the exposedportion of the shingle when installed.

11. A standardized clip for the support of slate shingles of theconventional type provided with a spaced pair of nail-receptiveapertures, comprising: a thin, sheet metal body portion adapted toflatly underlie the under surface of the shingle with which it is to beassociated, hook means formed in the upper end of said body portiondisposable through said shingle apertures to secure said shingle to saidclip, and a bifurcate portion constituting an extension of the lower endof said body portion adapted to straddle-engage and be supported by anupstanding headed stud pre-set in the sub-roof.

12. A standardized clip for the support of slate shingles of theconventional type provided with a spaced pair of nail-receptiveapertures, comprising: a thin, sheet metal body portion adapted toflatly underlie the undersurfaee of the shingle with which it is to beassociated, a series of tongues formed in the upper end of said bodyportion, a pair of which are adapted to be bent upwardly and offset intointerlocked engagement with the apertures of the shingle to be mounted,and a bifurcate portion constituting an extension of the lower end ofsaid body portion adapted to straddle-engage and be supported by anupstanding headed stud preset in the sub-roof.

I 13. A standardized clip for the support of slate shingles of theconventional type provided with a spaced pair or nail-receptiveapertures,

comprising: a thin, sheet metal body portionadapted to flatly underliethe under surface of the shingle with which it is to be associated, hookmeans formed in the upper end of said body portion disposable throughsaid shingle apertures to secure said shingle to said clip, and

a resilient, slightly downwardly curved bifurcate extension at the lowerend of said body portion adapted to snuglystraddle-engage and besupported by an upstanding headed stud pre-set in the sub-roof.

14. A standardized clip for the support of slate shingles of theconventional type provided with a spaced pair of nail-receptiveapertures, comprising: a thin, sheet metal body portion adapted toflatly underlie the under surface of the shingle with which it is to beassociated, a series of tongues formed in the upper end of said bodyportion, a pair of which are adapted to be bent upwardly and offset intointerlocked engagement with the apertures of the shingle to be mounted,and a resilient, slightly downwardly curved bifurcate extension at thelower end of said body portion adapted to snugly straddle-engage and besupported by an upstanding headed stud pre-set in the sub-roof.

15. The method of replacing a damaged slate shingle in a conventionalslate roof consisting of a plurality of shingle courses secured to asubroof in staggered lapping relation, which comprises: removing suchparts of the damaged shingle and its fastening elements as remain,forming a flat clip with a bifurcate lower portion, securing the upperend of said clip to the underside of the replacement shingle through thenailreceptive apertures conventional in slate shingles, measuring thedistance from the notch of said bifurcate clip portion to the lower edgeof the clip-associated shingle, driving a headed stud into said sub-roofthrough the crack between the adjacent side edges of the two shingles ofthe subjacent course which are to be lapped by said replacement shingle,said headed stud being driven so far into said sub-roof as to provide aspace, between the under surface of its head and the top surface of saidlapped shingles, equal to-the thickness of said clip, and being locatedat a distance from the lower edge of the damaged course equal to thepreviously determined distance from said clip notch to the lower edge ofsaid clip-associated shingle, pushing said clip-associated shingle upinto and beyond the space which it is to occupy so that the bifurcateend of its clip clears said headed stud, and, finally, retracting saidshingle and its clip to bring the bifurcate lower end of the latter intostraddle-engagement with the upstanding portion of said headed stud.

HENRY G. BARTSCH.

